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Coeliac disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes damage to the small intestine when gluten is consumed. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. To diagnose coeliac disease, a healthcare provider may order a blood test to check for certain antibodies that are present in people with the condition.
There are several blood tests that can be used to diagnose coeliac disease:
- Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibody test: This test measures the level of tTG antibodies in the blood. People with coeliac disease often have high levels of tTG antibodies. (tTG-IgA and tTG-IgG)
- Endomysial (EMA) antibody test: This test measures the level of EMA antibodies in the blood. People with coeliac disease often have high levels of EMA antibodies.
- Deamidated gliadin peptide (DGP) antibody test: This test measures the level of DGP antibodies in the blood. People with coeliac disease often have high levels of DGP antibodies.
- Total immunoglobulin A (IgA) test: This test measures the level of IgA antibodies in the blood. People with coeliac disease may have low levels of IgA, as the disease can affect the production of this antibody.
It’s important to note that a positive result on one of these tests does not necessarily mean that a person has coeliac disease, but it is very probable and other causes need to be ruled out. Additional testing, including a biopsy of the small intestine, may be necessary to confirm a diagnosis.
If you have coeliac disease, it’s important to follow a gluten-free diet to manage the condition and prevent further damage to the small intestine. A healthcare provider or a registered dietitian can help you develop a meal plan that meets your nutritional needs.
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